Calorie restriction accelerates the catabolism of lean body mass during 2 wk of bed rest

Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug;86(2):366-72. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.2.366.

Abstract

Background: Muscle inactivity and low energy intake commonly occur in persons with acute or chronic disease, in astronauts during space flight, and during aging.

Objective: We used a crossover design to investigate the effects of the interactions of inactivity and calorie restriction on whole-body composition and protein kinetic regulation in 9 healthy volunteers.

Design: Lean body mass (LBM) was measured by using dual-energy X-ray absorptionmetry before and at the end of 14-d periods of bed rest (B) and controlled ambulation (A) in patients receiving eucaloric (E) or hypocaloric (H) (approximately 80% of total energy expenditure) diets. Whole-body leucine kinetics were determined at the end of the 4 study periods by using a standard stable-isotope technique in the postabsorptive state and during a 3-h infusion of a 0.13 g x kg LBM(-1) x h(-1) amino acid mixture.

Results: In the postabsorptive state, we found a significant (P = 0.04) bed rest x hypocaloric diet interaction for the rate of leucine oxidation, an index of net protein catabolism (A+E: 0.23 +/- 0.01; B+E: 25 +/- 0.01; A+H: 0.23 +/- 0.01; B+H: 0.28 +/- 0.01 micromol x min(-1) x kg LBM(-1)). Bed rest significantly (P < 0.01) decreased amino acid-mediated stimulation of nonoxidative leucine disappearance, an index of protein synthesis (A+E: 35 +/- 2%; B+E: 30 +/- 2%; A+H: 41 +/- 3%; B+H: 32 +/- 2%). B+H decreased LBM by 1.10 +/- 0.1 kg, which is significantly (P < 0.01) greater than the decrease seen with A+E, A+H, or B+E.

Conclusion: Calorie restriction enhanced the catabolic response to inactivity by combining greater protein catabolism in the postabsorptive state with an impaired postprandial anabolic utilization of free amino acids.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Amino Acids / metabolism
  • Bed Rest*
  • Body Composition
  • Body Mass Index*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Diet, Reducing*
  • Energy Intake*
  • Energy Metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Leucine / metabolism*
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Proteins / metabolism*
  • Reference Values
  • Weight Loss*

Substances

  • Amino Acids
  • Proteins
  • Leucine