Shallow scattering layer in the subarctic pacific ocean: detection by high-frequency echo sounder

Science. 1969 Oct 31;166(3905):611-3. doi: 10.1126/science.166.3905.611.

Abstract

Shallow scattering layers consisting mainly of Calanus cristatus were detected on a trans-Pacific crossing to depths of 60 meters with a high-frequency echo sounder. Biomass estimates of these layers indicate concentrations of zoo-plankton that are greater and more extensive than previously reported in the open ocean.