Recent studies reported gene expression alterations in peripheral blood cells (PBC) obtained from patients with schizophrenia as compared to healthy controls. These alterations can not only be regarded as potential biomarkers but can also further our understanding of the disease. In light of previous reports, expression levels of the following genes: APOBEC3B, CXCL1, DRD2, GNAO1, Kir2.3, S100A9, and SELENBP1 in PBCs were compared between 30 first-hospitalized patients with schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls using quantitative real-time PCR. A significant elevation (2.6-fold; p<0.05) was confirmed for transcripts from the gene CXCL1 but not from the other genes investigated. Within the patients group, APOBEC3B expression was inversely correlated with duration of neuroleptic treatment. These findings indicate that gene expression in PBC from patients with schizophrenia may not only vary with the methods used for analysis but also with state-related differences in gene expression.