Electronic structure of epitaxial graphene layers on SiC: effect of the substrate

Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Sep 21;99(12):126805. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.126805. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

Abstract

A strong substrate-graphite bond is found in the first all-carbon layer by density functional theory calculations and x-ray diffraction for few graphene layers grown epitaxially on SiC. This first layer is devoid of graphene electronic properties and acts as a buffer layer. The graphene nature of the film is recovered by the second carbon layer grown on both the (0001) and (0001[over]) 4H-SiC surfaces. We also present evidence of a charge transfer that depends on the interface geometry. Hence the graphene is doped and a gap opens at the Dirac point after three Bernal stacked carbon layers are formed.