Abstract
Sex differences in brain function and behavior are regularly attributed to gonadal hormones. Some brain sexual dimorphisms, however, are direct actions of sex chromosome genes that are not mediated by gonadal hormones. We used mice in which sex chromosome complement (XX versus XY) and gonadal sex (ovaries versus testes) were independent, and found that XX mice showed faster food-reinforced instrumental habit formation than XY mice, regardless of gonadal phenotype.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antimanic Agents / pharmacology
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Avoidance Learning / drug effects
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Avoidance Learning / physiology
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Behavior, Animal
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Disorders of Sex Development*
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Female
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Genes, sry / genetics
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Genes, sry / physiology*
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Habits*
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Lithium Chloride / pharmacology
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Transgenic
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Sex Characteristics*
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Sex Chromosomes / genetics
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Sex Chromosomes / physiology*
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Sex Determination Processes
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X Chromosome
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Y Chromosome
Substances
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Antimanic Agents
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Lithium Chloride