Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report

Pain. 2007 Nov;132 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S26-S45. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.014. Epub 2007 Oct 25.

Abstract

In September 2006, members of the Sex, Gender and Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain met to discuss the following: (1) what is known about sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia; (2) what are the "best practice" guidelines for pain research with respect to sex and gender; and (3) what are the crucial questions to address in the near future? The resulting consensus presented herein includes input from basic science, clinical and psychosocial pain researchers, as well as from recognized experts in sexual differentiation and reproductive endocrinology. We intend this document to serve as a utilitarian and thought-provoking guide for future research on sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia, both for those currently working in this field as well as those still wondering, "Do I really need to study females?"

Publication types

  • Consensus Development Conference
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Analgesics / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Culture
  • Female
  • Gender Identity*
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Menstrual Cycle / physiology*
  • Models, Animal
  • Pain / physiopathology*
  • Pain / psychology
  • Pain Management
  • Psychology
  • Sex Characteristics*

Substances

  • Analgesics
  • Gonadal Steroid Hormones