This article describes the BASIC neurophysiology of micturition and the functional pathology of the lower urinary tract caused by traumatic injury to the spinal cord and the cauda equine. The rules governing proper urological management of SCI patients are presented. The reasons are discussed for the most common urological complications encountered by patients with para- and tetraplegia, along with the methods used to prevent them. Modern of diagnosis are presented, as well as pharmacological and surgical treatment of neurourological disorders.