The biological roles of exercise-induced cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2007 Oct;32(5):833-9. doi: 10.1139/H07-054.

Abstract

Skeletal muscle fibers express several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-15. Solid evidence exists that muscular IL-6 and IL-8 are regulated by muscle contractions, at both the mRNA and the protein levels. IL-6 increases insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and fatty acid oxidation in humans in vivo. Both IL-6 and IL-8 are released from working skeletal muscle, but because IL-6 contributes to the systemic circulation only a small transient net release of IL-8 is found from working muscle, suggesting that IL-8 may exert its effects locally in the muscle. IL-15 is a recently discovered growth factor, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, although IL-15 has been demonstrated as having anabolic effects on skeletal muscle in vitro and in vivo, it seems to play a role in reducing adipose tissue mass, and a role for IL-15 in muscle-fat cross-talk has been hypothesized. In conclusion, muscle-derived cytokines appear to have important roles in metabolism, and exercise plays a role in orchestrating the interplay between cytokines and metabolism.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Exercise / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-1 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-1 / genetics
  • Interleukin-1 / metabolism*
  • Interleukin-15 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-15 / genetics
  • Interleukin-15 / metabolism*
  • Interleukin-8 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-8 / genetics
  • Interleukin-8 / metabolism*
  • Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / metabolism*

Substances

  • Interleukin-1
  • Interleukin-15
  • Interleukin-8