Flap designs for lower lip reconstruction

Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2003 Nov;15(4):497-511, v. doi: 10.1016/S1042-3699(03)00068-2.

Abstract

Lower lip reconstruction is ideally achieved with innervated flaps that supply mucosa, functional muscle, and skin. These flaps should be capable of being used when vermilionectomy is necessary. The size and shape of the defect determine the optimal flap. This article illustrates the flaps used by the authors for particular reconstructive problems.