On February 27, 2002, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) introduced a new allocation policy for cadaveric liver transplants, based on the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. This new policy stratifies the patients based on their risk of death while on the waiting list. We analyzed the background and main features of this new allocation policy to evaluate the effects on waiting list dynamics as well as the accuracy of MELD as a predictor of pretransplantation mortality and posttransplantation outcome. MELD has proved to be accurate as a predictor of waiting list mortality, but seems to be less accurate to predict posttransplantation outcome. Immediate effects of the new policy were a reduction in the waiting list, while organs were primarily directed to sicker patients with reduced waiting times. There was a statistically but not significantly reduced number of patients removed from the list due to death or severity of sickness. The balance between medical urgency and transplant benefit is still to be defined as is the relationship between pretransplantation criteria and posttransplantation outcomes, and the way this relationship should be included in the allocation policy.