In developing countries, low budgets make the issue of integrating genetics into clinical practice a challenge, a situation in which the use of family history (FH) becomes important for patient care, as it is a low cost strategy and a risk assessment tool. The purpose of this study was to review medical records of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) seen in a public University Hospital and evaluate how often FH of cancer is registered. Initially we searched a database for patients who were seen in our hospital between 2002 and 2004 with the diagnosis of CRC. We found 415 patients, 104 of whom were excluded. A total of 311 charts were reviewed and classified into 3 groups. Group A: no FH documented; group B: FH was documented, but FH of cancer was not collected; and group C: FH of cancer was documented. We also investigated what type of information was recorded, in order to verify if important elements were assessed. Ninety-eight charts (31.5%) were classified in group A, 20 (6.5%) in group B, and 193 (62%) in group C. In addition, we observed that important information regarding affected relatives was not collected in most of the charts. In conclusion, we found that although FH of cancer was recorded in 62% of charts of patients with CRC, information that could be relevant for risk assessment and management of at-risk families was missing. Our findings expose an important problem in health education that could reflect negatively in the quality of medical assistance to individuals at risk for familial cancer.