Neuropeptide B (NPB) and neuropeptide W (NPW) are neuropeptides that were recently identified as endogenous ligands for the previously orphan G-protein coupled receptors, GPR7 (NPBWR1) and GPR8 (NPBWR2). This neuropeptide system is thought to have a role in regulating feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine function, and modulating inflammatory pain. Strong and discrete expression of their receptors in the extended amygdala suggests a potential role in regulating stress responses, emotion, anxiety and fear; however, there have been no functional studies to date to support this possibility. Future studies of NPB/NPW using both pharmacological and phenotypic analysis of genetically engineered mice will lead to further elucidation of the physiological role of this novel neuropeptide system.