Background: Even carrying an identical gene mutation, inter- and intra-family variations have been noticed worldwide in the presence and the severity of left ventricular hypertrophy and sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Modifier genes may contribute to the diversity. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene has been established to be associated with parameters of left ventricular hypertrophy in community based male subjects. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of ACE2 gene polymorphisms with the phenotype of HCM.
Methods: A total of 261 consecutive HCM patients and 609 healthy controls were enrolled into this study. The polymorphism of rs2106809 and rs6632677 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and confirmed by sequencing. Logistic regression model and multivariate analysis were used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of variations of ACE2 for HCM.
Results: The T allele of rs2106809 and C allele of rs6632677 conferred increasing risk for HCM (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.01 - 1.77, P = 0.04; OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.21, P = 0.002, respectively), and the 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD), the TC haplotype was independently associated with a higher OR for HCM (OR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.21 - 1.87) after adjusted for conventional risk factors. And the risk alleles were associated with thicker interventricular septal thickness of HCM ((20.0 +/- 6.3) mm vs (17.9 +/- 5.5) mm, P = 0.03 and (21.3 +/- 5.9) mm vs (17.9 +/- 5.8) mm, P = 0.04, respectively). No association was found between the two polymorphisms with female patients with HCM.
Conclusion: Minor alleles of ACE2 gene might be the genetic modifier for the magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy in male patients with HCM.