Combination therapies aim to overcome the limitations of individual drugs by selecting diverse targets of action to enhance effectiveness synergistically. This article reviews the principles of combination therapy and its applications for benign prostatic hyperplasia and overactive bladder. It then examines pathophysiological, pharmacological, and clinical evidence for currently available drug and device combinations for erectile dysfunction that has not responded to first-line, single-agent therapy.
Keywords: Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Combination therapy; Erectile dysfunction; Intracavernosal therapy; Intraurethral therapy; Overactive bladder.