Tumor-induced senescent T cells with suppressor function: a potential form of tumor immune evasion

Cancer Res. 2008 Feb 1;68(3):870-9. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2282.

Abstract

Senescent and suppressor T cells are reported to be increased in select patients with cancer and are poor prognostic indicators. Based on the association of these T cells and poor outcomes, we hypothesized that tumors induce senescence in T cells, which negatively effects antitumor immunity. In this report, we show that human T cells from healthy donors incubated with tumor for only 6 h at a low tumor to T-cell ratio undergo a senescence-like phenotype, characterized by the loss of CD27 and CD28 expression and telomere shortening. Tumor-induced senescence of T cells is induced by soluble factors and triggers increases in expression of senescence-associated molecules such as p53, p21, and p16. Importantly, these T cells are not only phenotypically altered, but also functionally altered as they can suppress the proliferation of responder T cells. This suppression requires cell-to-cell contact and is mediated by senescent CD4(+) and CD8(+) subpopulations, which are distinct from classically described natural T regulatory cells. Our observations support the novel concept that tumor can induce senescent T cells with suppressor function and may effect both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / immunology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cellular Senescence / immunology
  • DNA Damage / immunology
  • Humans
  • In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Neoplasms / immunology*
  • Neoplasms / pathology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology
  • Tumor Escape / immunology*

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins