This study was designed to examine the influence of gender on sleep rebound architecture after a 4-day paradoxical sleep deprivation period. After a 5-day baseline sleep recording, both male and female rats in different phases of the estrus cycle were submitted to paradoxical sleep deprivation for 96 h. After this period, the sleep rebound recording was evaluated for 5 days (one estrus cycle). The findings revealed that after paradoxical sleep deprivation, sleep efficiency and paradoxical sleep returned to baseline values on the second day of the light period, for all except the proestrus group. During the dark rebound period, only the female groups presented increased sleep efficiency on the first day. Paradoxical sleep returned to baseline values on the third day, except for males and the cycling females submitted to paradoxical sleep deprivation in the diestrus phase, whose baseline values returned to normal on the second day of rebound period. Thus, the females and males displayed distinct patterns as a result of sleep disruption.