Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: an outcome-based definition of hypopneas

Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 May 15;177(10):1150-5. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200712-1884OC. Epub 2008 Feb 14.

Abstract

Rationale: Epidemiologic studies on the consequences of sleep-disordered breathing invariably use the apnea-hypopnea index as the primary measure of disease severity. Although hypopneas constitute a majority of disordered breathing events, significant controversy remains about the best criteria used to define these events.

Objectives: The current investigation sought to assess the most appropriate definition for hypopneas that would be best correlated with cardiovascular disease.

Methods: A community sample of middle-aged and older adults was recruited as part of the Sleep Heart Health Study. Full-montage polysomnography was conducted and hypopneas were defined using different thresholds of oxyhemoglobin desaturation with and without arousals. Prevalent cardiovascular disease was assessed based on self-report. Logistic regression analysis was used to characterize the independent association between the hypopnea index and prevalent cardiovascular disease.

Measurements and main results: Using a sample of 6,106 adults with complete data on cardiovascular disease status and polysomnography, the current study found that hypopneas associated with an oxyhemoglobin desaturation of 4% or more were associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease independent of confounding covariates. The adjusted prevalent odds ratios for quartiles of the hypopnea index using a 4% desaturation criterion were as follows: 1.00 (<1.10 events/h), 1.10 (1.01-3.20 events/h), 1.33 (3.21-7.69 events/h), and 1.41 (>7.69 events/h). Hypopnea measures based on less than 4% oxyhemoglobin desaturation or presence of arousals showed no association with cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions: Hypopneas comprise a significant component of sleep-disordered breathing in the general community. By varying the criteria for defining hypopneas, this study demonstrates that hypopneas with a desaturation of at least 4% are independently associated with cardiovascular disease. In contrast, no association was observed between cardiovascular disease and hypopneas associated with milder desaturations or arousals.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Apnea / classification*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / complications
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / physiopathology*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Odds Ratio
  • Oxyhemoglobins / analysis
  • Oxyhemoglobins / physiology*
  • Polysomnography / methods*
  • Sleep Apnea Syndromes / complications
  • Sleep Apnea Syndromes / physiopathology*
  • Terminology as Topic

Substances

  • Oxyhemoglobins