Forty three cultivated and wild Chinese medical herbs erigeron breviscapus were scanned on two Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy instruments. Twenty samples were used to set up the BP-NN models and the others were used to validate the models. Fifteen principal components, whose variance contribution rate is above 99%, were collected as input nodes for BP-NN models. The correct identification rates of calibration samples were 100% for the models on both the two instruments, and the correct identification rates of validation samples were 100% and 95.7%, irrespectively. The results showed that using NIR to fast detect cultivated and wild Chinese medical herbs erigeron breviscapus was feasible.