Non-invasive stress-free application of glucocorticoid ligands in mice

J Neurosci Methods. 2008 May 15;170(1):77-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.12.021. Epub 2008 Jan 16.

Abstract

Most drug delivery procedures induce stress, which might interfere with the pharmacological action of the drug and behaviour. Stress is deduced from high and long-lasting elevations of the hormone corticosterone. We set out to develop a non-invasive, stress-free method of drug delivery in mice. Validation consisted of delivery of glucocorticoid ligands via oats to male C57BL/6J mice. Oat consumption induced a small increase in corticosterone concentrations after 15 min (<50 ng/ml) that returned to low resting levels at t=30 (<10 ng/ml). Gavage and intraperitoneal (i.p.) vehicle injections resulted in long-lasting corticosterone elevations (>100 ng/ml at t=30 and approximately 50 ng/ml at t=60 min after delivery). Adding corticosterone to oats resulted in threefold higher plasma corticosterone in the 15.0-mg/kg group (+/-250 ng/ml) compared to the 4.5-mg/kg group at t=30 and 90. Application of the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486 (200 mg/kg) elevated plasma corticosterone for at least 8h. Additional swimming increased corticosterone even further. Presumably, already the small oat-consumption-induced increase of corticosterone requires negative feedback via glucocorticoid receptors. In conclusion, the context-dependent and dose-controlled application of drugs via oats avoids confounding strong stress system activation and makes it suitable for studies on learning and memory processes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adrenalectomy
  • Animals
  • Avena
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Glucocorticoids / agonists
  • Glucocorticoids / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Glucocorticoids / pharmacology*
  • Hormone Antagonists / administration & dosage
  • Hormone Antagonists / pharmacology
  • Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / drug effects
  • Injections, Intraperitoneal
  • Ligands
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mifepristone / administration & dosage
  • Mifepristone / pharmacology
  • Pharmaceutical Vehicles
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Stress, Psychological / physiopathology

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Hormone Antagonists
  • Ligands
  • Pharmaceutical Vehicles
  • Receptors, Glucocorticoid
  • Mifepristone