Dynamical system analysis of Staphylococcus epidermidis bloodstream infection

Shock. 2008 Nov;30(5):518-26. doi: 10.1097/SHK.0b013e31816a0b77.

Abstract

Unlike many localized infections, the development and resolution of bacteremia involves physical and immunological interactions between many anatomic sites. In an effort to better understand these interactions, we developed a computational model of bacteremia as a dynamical system fashioned after multicompartmental pharmacodynamic models, incorporating bacterial proliferation and clearance in the blood, liver, spleen, and lungs, and the transport of pathogens between these sites. A system of four first-order homogeneous ODEs was developed. Blood and organ bacterial burdens were measured at various time points from 3 to 48 h postinoculation using an LD25 murine model of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia. Using these empiric data, solutions to the mathematical model were recovered. A bootstrap resampling method was used to generate 95% confidence intervals around the solved parameters. The validity of the model was examined in parallel experiments using animals acutely immunocompromised with cyclophosphamide; the model captured abnormalities in bacterial partitioning previously described with this antineoplastic agent. Lastly, the approach was used to explore possible benefits to clinically observed hyperdynamic blood flow during sepsis: in simulation, normal mice, but not those treated with cyclophosphamide, enjoyed significantly more rapid bacterial clearance from the bloodstream under hyperdynamic conditions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacteremia / drug therapy
  • Bacteremia / microbiology*
  • Bacteremia / physiopathology
  • Cyclophosphamide / pharmacology
  • Mice
  • Models, Theoretical
  • Staphylococcal Infections / drug therapy
  • Staphylococcal Infections / microbiology
  • Staphylococcal Infections / physiopathology
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis / pathogenicity*
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis / physiology

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Cyclophosphamide