A prospective and randomized study for improvement of acute asthma by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV)

Intern Med. 2008;47(6):493-501. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.47.0429. Epub 2008 Mar 17.

Abstract

Objective: We hypothesized that non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) would improve an acute asthma attack in mild to moderate cases without bronchodilator therapy.

Methodology: A total of 44 eligible patients with acute asthma of mild to moderate severity who had acute attacks were randomly allocated to a NPPV (n=30) or control group (n=14). Both groups received intravenous infusion of hydrocortisone prior to the study. Patients in the NPPV group were divided into two subgroups at random: a high- (n=16) and a low-pressure group (n=14). The former had a fixed expiratory positive airway pressure and inspiratory positive airway pressure of 6 cmH2O and 8 cmH2O, respectively, while the latter had levels of 4 cmH2O and 6 cmH2O, respectively. Effects on the following variables were assessed: FEV(1), oxygen saturation, heart rate, respiratory rate, scores of accessory muscle use and wheezing by auscultation, modified Borg scale score, and mean intra-airway pressure on the monitor.

Results: A total of 26 patients completed the study in the NPPV group. The mean percent change in FEV(1) significantly improved after 40 minutes in the high-pressure group compared with that in the control group (p<0.0001). Similar significant improvements in modified Borg scale score and physical examination findings were observed in the high- and low-pressure groups. None of the patients required re-hospitalization or return to the emergency room in either the NPPV or control group.

Conclusion: We conclude that higher inflation pressure on NPPV led to clinical improvement in patients with acute asthma attacks of mild to moderate severity.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Asthma / physiopathology*
  • Asthma / therapy*
  • Emergency Medical Services / methods
  • Female
  • Forced Expiratory Volume / physiology
  • Heart Rate / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Positive-Pressure Respiration / methods*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Respiratory Mechanics / physiology
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Treatment Outcome