Benign gynecologic conditions constitute the majority of the general gynecologist's practice. Along with health maintenance examinations, contraceptive management, family planning issues, and concerns about incontinence, the gynecologic conditions for which patients commonly present include adnexal masses, leiomyomata, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease. This article addresses each of these last four entities and incorporates a discussion of their etiologies, clinical presentations, keys to diagnosis, and the various treatment options available.