B19 Parvovirus (B19V) has been considered for a long period of time as the unique human virus belonging to the genus Erythrovirus. The genetic diversity of B19V isolates has been shown to be very low (<2% nucleotide divergence). The isolation of a variant (V9 strain), with a sequence markedly distinct from that of B19V (>13% nucleotide divergence) led to specify the classification of this virus family. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of V9-related isolates combined with Erythrovirus sequences in sequences banks indicates an organization into three well-individualized genotypes. Analysis of the nearly full-length genome sequences show an ancient separation between the three genotypes lineages. Genotype 3 (the most ancient lineage) could have originated in Africa. The functional regions of major proteins are conserved in the three genotypes. The frequency of these genotypes is various according to studies. Genotype 1 is predominant, except in Ghana where all the described isolates were genotype 3. A prospective French study performed between 1999 and 2001 indicated that genotypes 2 and 3 viruses circulated with a significant frequency (10%). Pathogenic properties might not differ according to the genotype.