Neuroendocrine control of feeding behavior is multifactorial, involving a variety of peripheral and central signals. Neuropeptides, catecholamines, and serotonin constitute the signals of the feeding circuitry acting primarily in the brain, especially at the hypothalamic level. In this review, an attempt is made to summarize the recent progress made in our continuing effort to understand the regulation of feeding behavior by neuropeptides, particularly those that stimulate feeding. A special emphasis has been placed on a neuropeptide of the pancreatic polypeptide family-neuropeptide Y (NPY).