Indoor protection against mosquito and sand fly bites: a comparison between citronella, linalool, and geraniol candles

J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2008 Mar;24(1):150-3. doi: 10.2987/8756-971X(2008)24[150:IPAMAS]2.0.CO;2.

Abstract

The repellent effect of 3 essential-oil-based candles was evaluated in a high biting pressure environment in Israel. In human landing assays, the repellency rate of 5% citronella candles against mosquitoes was 29.0%, of 5% linalool candles was 71.1%, and of 5% geraniol candles was 85.4%. The candles with geraniol were about twice as effective as those with linalool and were about 5 times as effective as citronella candles in protecting a person from being bitten indoors by mosquitoes. The repellency rate of 5% citronella candles towards sand flies was 24.7%, of 5% linalool candles was 55.2%, and of 5% geraniol candles was 79.7%. A geraniol candle was almost 5 times as effective as a citronella candle and about twice as effective as a linalool candle in protecting a person from being bitten indoors by sand flies.

MeSH terms

  • Acyclic Monoterpenes
  • Animals
  • Culicidae / drug effects*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Insect Bites and Stings / prevention & control*
  • Insect Repellents / chemistry
  • Insect Repellents / pharmacology
  • Male
  • Monoterpenes / pharmacology*
  • Mosquito Control / methods*
  • Plant Oils / pharmacology*
  • Psychodidae / drug effects*
  • Terpenes / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Acyclic Monoterpenes
  • Insect Repellents
  • Monoterpenes
  • Plant Oils
  • Terpenes
  • linalool
  • geraniol
  • citronella oil