The efficacy of light traps for collecting sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) varies both inter-specifically and intra-specifically (by gender and physiological status) as a result of significant differences in phototropic and other behavioural characteristics. The efficacy of miniature CDC light traps for collecting Phlebotomus argentipes Annandale & Brunetti, a vector of Leishmania donovani Laveran & Mesnil (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), was assessed in the Indian state of Bihar. Sandflies were collected during the night from 16 houses in each of three villages over 3 months (four times at fortnightly intervals) using CDC light traps indoors, and by aspirator collection (carried out by one person for 30 min/house) from the walls of the same houses the following morning. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) between CDC light trap collections and aspirator collections were obtained through a negative binomial regression with household as random effect. CDC light traps were especially effective in catching males (IRR 3.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-4.46) and unfed females (IRR 3.50, 95% CI 2.37-5.16) of P. argentipes, and to a lesser extent gravids (IRR 1.77, 95% CI 1.07-2.93). However, only a relatively small proportion of all blood-fed P. argentipes were collected by light trap (IRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.28-0.73). Despite its limitations in collecting blood-fed female sandflies, the CDC light trap appears to trap a sufficient proportion of the indoor population of sandflies for sampling purposes, and as this light trap is also more convenient and more easily standardized than the aspirator method, we conclude that it is the most efficient method for monitoring P. argentipes populations in the Indian subcontinent.