Human rabies virus vaccine strain CTN181 from China was sequenced. The overall length of the genome was 11,923 nucleotides (nt), comprising a leader sequence of 58 nt, nucleoprotein (N) gene of 1353 nt, phosphoprotein (P) gene of 894 nt, matrix protein (M) gene of 609 nt, glycoprotein (G) gene of 1575 nt, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, L) gene of 6387 nt, and a trailer region of 70 nt. The five monocistrons are separated by intergenic regions (IGRs) of 2, 5, 5 and 24 nucleotides (nt), respectively. Two obvious differences between CTN181 and the other rabies virus vaccine strains were (1) the putative stop/polyadenylation signal of the G gene has only one poly (A) tract for CTN181, and (2) the start of the open reading frame for L has two repeats of ATG for CTN181. Both were similar to the SHBRV-18 (silver-haired bat-associated RV strain 18) strain. In addition, some mutations and new functional regions were discovered that are presumed crucial to the function of leader region and L protein. There is an equal role for all five genes in the phylogenetics of rabies virus.