Tethering chemistry and K+ channels

J Biol Chem. 2008 Sep 12;283(37):25105-25109. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R800033200. Epub 2008 Jun 9.

Abstract

Voltage-gated K+ channels are dynamic macromolecular machines that open and close in response to changes in membrane potential. These multisubunit membrane-embedded proteins are responsible for governing neuronal excitability, maintaining cardiac rhythmicity, and regulating epithelial electrolyte homeostasis. High resolution crystal structures have provided snapshots of K+ channels caught in different states with incriminating molecular detail. Nonetheless, the connection between these static images and the specific trajectories of K+ channel movements is still being resolved by biochemical experimentation. Electrophysiological recordings in the presence of chemical modifying reagents have been a staple in ion channel structure/function studies during both the pre- and post-crystal structure eras. Small molecule tethering agents (chemoselective electrophiles linked to ligands) have proven to be particularly useful tools for defining the architecture and motions of K+ channels. This Minireview examines the synthesis and utilization of chemical tethering agents to probe and manipulate the assembly, structure, function, and molecular movements of voltage-gated K+ channel protein complexes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biochemistry / methods
  • Crystallography, X-Ray / methods
  • Cysteine / chemistry
  • Electrophysiology / methods
  • Humans
  • Ion Channel Gating
  • Ligands
  • Membrane Potentials
  • Models, Biological
  • Models, Chemical
  • Molecular Conformation
  • Neurons / metabolism
  • Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / metabolism*
  • Protein Conformation

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated
  • Cysteine