A streptomycete strain producing broad-spectrum antifungal substances was taxonomically characterized. The strain, designated KNF 2047(T) (= SH-09(T) = KCTC 10586BP(T)), was found to form extensively branching aerial and substrate mycelia, and produce spiny-ornamented spores with loose spiral chains. The whole cell hydrolyzates contained major amount of LL-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids of the phospholipids were saturated and branched fatty acids containing 14~17 carbons, and the major isoprenoid quinones were hexa-and octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with 9 isoprene units. The phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rRNA gene indicated that the strain belongs to the genus Streptomyces but forms an independent phyletic line. These results clearly demonstrate that strain KNF2047(T) forms a new center of taxonomic variation within Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces neopeptinius sp. nov. is proposed.