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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2008 Aug;56(8):1466-73.
doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01801.x. Epub 2008 Jul 15.

Prevention of unintentional weight loss in nursing home residents: a controlled trial of feeding assistance

Sandra F Simmons  1 , Emmett Keeler, Xiaohui Zhuo, Kelly A Hickey, Hui-Wen Sato, John F Schnelle
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Prevention of unintentional weight loss in nursing home residents: a controlled trial of feeding assistance

Sandra F Simmons et al. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine the effects of a feeding assistance intervention on food and fluid intake and body weight.

Design: Crossover controlled trial.

Setting: Four skilled nursing homes (NHs).

Participants: Seventy-six long-stay NH residents at risk for unintentional weight loss.

Intervention: Research staff provided feeding assistance twice per day during or between meals, 5 days per week for 24 weeks.

Measurements: Research staff independently weighed residents at baseline and monthly during a 24-week intervention and 24-week control period. Residents' food and fluid intake and the amount of staff time spent providing assistance to eat was assessed for 2 days at baseline and 3 and 6 months during each 24-week period.

Results: The intervention group showed a significant increase in estimated total daily caloric intake and maintained or gained weight, whereas the control group showed no change in estimated total daily caloric intake and lost weight over 24 weeks. The average amount of staff time required to provide the interventions was 42 minutes per person per meal and 13 minutes per person per between-meal snack, versus usual care, during which residents received, on average, 5 minutes of assistance per person per meal and less than 1 minute per person per snack.

Conclusion: Two feeding assistance interventions are efficacious in promoting food and fluid intake and weight gain in residents at risk for weight loss. Both interventions require more staff time than usual NH care. The delivery of snacks between meals requires less time than mealtime assistance and thus may be more practical to implement in daily NH care practice.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper.

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Flow of Subjects in Trial
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