The etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unknown. Viruses have been suggested as a possible factor but the issue is still unresolved. We have detected herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA sequences in AD and normal brain, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and have now searched for the DNA in lymphocytes from AD patients and age-matched normal individuals; PCR shows that the virus is absent in the lymphocytes.