The effectiveness of THA (an anticholinesterae) on scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and nucleus basalis (NB) lesion-induced change in neocortical spectral electroencephalography (EEG) were investigated. Scopolamine increased the amplitudes of all the spectral components in waking-immobility. In the movement-related EEG spectral values, only the alpha power was increased. THA 7.5 mg/kg, but not THA 3 mg/kg, could reverse scopolamine-induced amplitude change. NB lesioning increased delta and theta amplitudes, but decreased beta amplitude. Delta amplitude was increased during movement recordings in NB-lesioned rats. THA 7.5 mg/kg and pilocarpine 10 mg/kg, but not THA 3 mg/kg, could partially reverse the increase of delta and theta amplitudes induced by NB lesions. However, the beta power decrease could not be restored with cholinomimetics. This study demonstrates that quantitative EEG activity analysis may reflect the THA-induced restoration of the function of the cholinergic nucleus basalis.