Considerable evidence suggests that protein malnutrition (PM) impairs immune function especially cytokine and interferes with the toxicopharmacology of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study tries to assess whether PM will affect induction and treatment of inflammation. The study was performed on adult male Swiss mice using the carrageenan-air pouch model. Animals were fed either protein sufficient 20% or protein deficient 8% casein diet starting 3wks before induction of air pouch, 6-days after which the pouch was administered with 1ml carrageenan (2%). Treatment with aspirin (200 mg/kg, p.o.) or diclofenac (20 mg/kg im.) was conducted one hour before the challenge with carrageenan. Six hours after the challenge, the local exudates were collected and subjected for total leukocyte infiltration count and IL-12 assessment. IL-1 beta and nitrate content were estimated in both plasma and air pouch infiltrate. The obtained results showed a reduction in leukocytes and decrease in IL-1 beta level in PM mice. In conclusion, PM slows the inflammatory reaction, and influences the inflammatory process differently especially in the presence of another stimulus.