Although the causes of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis, and overactive bladder remain unclear, inflammation may explain some of the causative and propagating features. Cytokines may play a role by recruiting inflammatory cells and ultimately in inducing symptoms. This paper reviews the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, overactive bladder, and painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis.