A paramutation phenomenon is involved in the genetics of maize low phytic acid1-241 (lpa1-241) trait

Heredity (Edinb). 2009 Mar;102(3):236-45. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2008.96. Epub 2008 Sep 10.

Abstract

So far, in maize, three classes of mutants involved in phytic acid biosynthesis have been isolated: lpa1, lpa2 and lpa3. In 2007, a gene tagging experiment performed by Shi et al. found that mutations in ZmMRP4 (multidrug resistance-associated proteins 4) gene cause lpa1 phenotype. In previous studies, we isolated and described a single recessive lpa mutation (originally named lpa241), which was allelic to the lpa1-1 mutant, and was consequently renamed lpa1-241. It showed a decrease in the expression of the myo-inositol (Ins)-3-phosphate synthase gene (mips1S). In this study, we present genetic and molecular analyses of the lpa1-241 mutation that indicate an epigenetic origin of this trait, that is, a paramutagenic interaction that results in meiotically heritable changes in ZmMRP4 gene expression, causing a strong pleiotropic effect on the whole plant. The use of a 5-Azacytidine treatment provided data suggesting an association between gene methylation and the lpa1-241 phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a paramutagenic activity not involving flavonoid biosynthesis in maize, but regarding a key enzyme of an important metabolic pathway in plants.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / genetics
  • ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / metabolism
  • Azacitidine / pharmacology
  • DNA Methylation
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
  • Mutation*
  • Phenotype
  • Phytic Acid / biosynthesis*
  • Plant Proteins / genetics
  • Plant Proteins / metabolism
  • Quantitative Trait, Heritable*
  • Zea mays / drug effects
  • Zea mays / genetics*
  • Zea mays / metabolism

Substances

  • Azacitidine
  • ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins
  • Phytic Acid
  • Plant Proteins