Oral and nasal malodor in patients with and without cleft lip and palate who had undergone orthodontic therapy

Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2008 Sep;45(5):481-4. doi: 10.1597/07-074.1. Epub 2008 Jan 9.

Abstract

Objective: To compare oral and nasal malodor in patients with and without cleft lip and palate (CLP) who had undergone orthodontic therapy.

Setting: University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey.

Patients: The study included 33 patients. Group 1 was composed of 11 patients with CLP. Measurements were taken while they were undergoing treatment with orthodontic fixed appliances. Group 2 included 11 individuals without CLP; measurements were taken during fixed orthodontic therapy. Group 3 consisted of 11 individuals without CLP who did not receive orthodontic therapy.

Intervention: Oral malodor, nasal malodor, Gingival Index, Plaque Index, and probing depths were evaluated in each group.

Results: Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and probing depths showed no significant differences between groups 1 and 2. In contrast, oral malodor was significantly different between the two groups (p < .05). Groups 2 and 3 showed differences in gingival and plaque indices but not in probing depths and oral malodor. All healthy nostrils in Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 were significantly different from affected nostrils in the CLP patients. There was significant malodor in affected nostrils when compared with nonaffected nostrils in group 1 (p < .05).

Conclusion: Oral malodor was increased in patients with CLP. Nasal malodor level was also higher in affected nostrils of the CLP patients compared to nostrils of healthy subjects.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Cleft Lip / complications*
  • Cleft Palate / complications*
  • Dental Plaque Index
  • Female
  • Gingival Hemorrhage / classification
  • Gingivitis / classification
  • Halitosis / etiology*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Malocclusion / therapy*
  • Nose Diseases / etiology*
  • Odorants* / analysis
  • Periodontal Index
  • Periodontal Pocket / classification
  • Sulfides / analysis

Substances

  • Sulfides