The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of passive mobilization and active exercises in patients with painfully restricted shoulders. Twenty patients with painful glenohumeral restrictions were randomly placed in one of two groups. The experimental group received mobilization and active exercises two to three times per week for 4 weeks. The controls received only active exercises. Pain questionnaires were answered and isolated glenohumeral mobility measurements were taken initially and at weekly intervals during the 4 weeks of treatment. With the exception of internal rotation in the control groop, all motions increased significantly from baseline in both groups. Passive abduction improved significantly more in the mobilization group than in the control group. Pain scores decreased more in the mobilization group; however, the difference between the groups was not significant. The results suggest that joint mobilization and exercises are clinically effective in the treatment of painfully stiff shoulders. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1985;6(4):238-246.