Influence of chlorine dioxide on cell death and cell cycle of human gingival fibroblasts

J Dent. 2008 Dec;36(12):993-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2008.08.006. Epub 2008 Sep 25.

Abstract

Objectives: The effects of chlorine dioxide (ClO2), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on cell death and the cell cycle of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were examined.

Methods: The inhibition of HGF cell growth was evaluated using a Cell Counting Kit-8. The cell cycle was assessed with propidium iodide-stained cells (distribution of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases) using flow cytometry. The patterns of cell death (necrosis and apoptosis) were analyzed using flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI staining.

Results: The lethal doses for 50% of the cells (LD50) of ClO2, NaOCl, and H2O2 were 0.16, 0.79, and 0.11 mM, respectively. All three dental disinfectants induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. H2O2 induced apoptosis at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 mM, while NaOCl and ClO2 did not induce significant apoptosis at any concentration examined.

Conclusions: These results suggest that ClO2 is sufficient for use as a dental disinfectant compared with H2O2 or NaOCl.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Cell Count
  • Cell Cycle / drug effects
  • Cell Death / drug effects
  • Cell Division / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chlorine Compounds / toxicity*
  • Fibroblasts / drug effects*
  • G1 Phase / drug effects
  • G2 Phase / drug effects
  • Gingiva / cytology
  • Gingiva / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen Peroxide / toxicity
  • Lethal Dose 50
  • Materials Testing
  • Necrosis
  • Oxidants / toxicity
  • Oxides / toxicity*
  • Resting Phase, Cell Cycle / drug effects
  • Root Canal Irrigants / toxicity*
  • S Phase / drug effects
  • Sodium Hypochlorite / toxicity

Substances

  • Chlorine Compounds
  • Oxidants
  • Oxides
  • Root Canal Irrigants
  • chlorine dioxide
  • Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Sodium Hypochlorite