Background: Rib lesions in the pediatric population are rare but significant processes and are often neoplastic.
Methods: All patients with primary rib lesions evaluated by the Department of Surgery at Children's Hospital Boston from 1992 to 2005 were studied. The patient's diagnosis, sex, symptoms and their duration, radiologic evaluation, biopsy status, surgical procedure, and follow-up were assessed.
Results: Thirty-three patients, ages 3 to 23 years (median, 12.7 years), were evaluated. Sixteen patients (48%) had benign and 17 (52%) had malignant lesions. Within the benign cohort of 16 patients, there were 6 osteochondromas, 4 aneurysmal bone cysts, and 2 fibrous dysplasias as well as 1 of each of the following: enchondroma, periosteal chondroma, eosinophilic granuloma, and chondrophyte. Within the malignant cohort of 17 patients, 13 were diagnosed with Ewing's sarcoma, 3 with osteogenic sarcoma, and 1 with chondrosarcoma. The sex distribution for the malignant group was 11 (65%) females and 6 (35%) males.
Conclusions: Rib tumors are rare entities in the pediatric population. However, a significant number of rib lesions are malignant. Therefore, proper diagnosis and expeditious treatment are critical.