Acute neonatal arterial occlusion: is thrombolysis safe and effective?

J Pediatr Surg. 2008 Oct;43(10):1827-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2008.04.025.

Abstract

Purpose: We report our experience of the management of arterial occlusion in the newborn.

Methods: A case note review was carried out after ethical approval. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed the occlusion. Thrombolysis was the primary intervention. Surgery was used selectively. A good outcome was one without tissue loss or functional impairment or minimal tissue loss without functional impairment. Data are presented as medians with ranges.

Results: Ten patients (9 male; median gestational age, 35.5 weeks [range, 28-39 weeks]) presented on day 1 (range, 1-8 days). Initial management included systemic tissue plasminogen activator (8 patients) and surgery (2 infants in whom thrombolysis was contraindicated). Improvement was noted in 7 of 8 infants treated medically and in both who underwent surgery. Three infants had significant tissue loss. Outcome at 29 months (range, 1.3-95.4 months) was good in the remaining 7.

Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach, thrombolysis and selective surgery achieved tissue preservation and function in the majority while minimizing complications. Early referral to centers with multidisciplinary teams is recommended.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Amputation, Surgical
  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases / drug therapy*
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases / surgery
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Female
  • Heparin / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Infant, Premature
  • Infant, Premature, Diseases / diagnostic imaging
  • Infant, Premature, Diseases / surgery
  • Infant, Premature, Diseases / therapy
  • Interdisciplinary Communication
  • Ischemia / etiology
  • Ischemia / prevention & control
  • Ischemia / surgery
  • Leg / blood supply
  • Leg / surgery
  • Male
  • Massage
  • Plasma
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Thrombectomy / statistics & numerical data
  • Thrombolytic Therapy* / adverse effects
  • Thrombolytic Therapy* / statistics & numerical data
  • Tissue Plasminogen Activator / administration & dosage
  • Tissue Plasminogen Activator / therapeutic use*
  • Ultrasonography, Doppler

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Heparin
  • Tissue Plasminogen Activator