Background and objectives: The prevalence of mineral metabolism abnormalities is almost universal in stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the presence of abnormalities in milder CKD is not well characterized.
Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Data on adults > or =20 yr of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 (N = 3949) were analyzed to determine the association between moderate declines in estimated GFR (eGFR), calculated using the Modfication of Diet in Renal Disease formula, and serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) > or = 70 pg/ml.
Results: The geometric mean iPTH level was 39.3 pg/ml. The age-standardized prevalence of elevated iPTH was 8.2%, 19.3%, and 38.3% for participants with eGFR > or = 60, 45 to 59, and 30 to 44 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). After adjustment for age; race/ethnicity; sex; menopausal status; education; income; cigarette smoking; alcohol consumption; body mass index; hypertension; diabetes mellitus; vitamin D supplement use; total calorie and calcium intake; and serum calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels-and compared with their counterparts with an eGFR > or = 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)-the prevalence ratios of elevated iPTH were 2.30 and 4.69 for participants with an eGFR of 45 to 59 and 30 to 44 ml/min/1.73 m(2), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). Serum phosphorus > or = 4.2 mg/dl and 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 17.6 ng/ml were more common at lower eGFR levels. No association was present between lower eGFR and serum calcium < 9.4 mg/dl.
Conclusions: This study indicates that elevated iPTH levels are common among patients with moderate CKD.