MKK4 is a novel target for the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression by myricetin

Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Feb 1;77(3):412-21. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.10.027. Epub 2008 Nov 6.

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a mediator of multiple inflammatory diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in TNF-alpha-mediated diseases. We investigated the inhibitory effects of 3,3',4',5,5',7-hexahydroxyflavone (myricetin), an abundant natural flavonoid, on TNF-alpha-induced VEGF upregulation and the underlying molecular mechanism. Myricetin is a direct inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1) and inhibits neoplastic cell transformation. We found that myricetin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced VEGF expression in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells by targeting MAPK kinase 4 (MKK4), as well as MEK1. The activation of activator protein-1 by TNF-alpha was inhibited by myricetin in a dose-dependent manner. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK was inhibited by myricetin, but not the phosphorylation of their upstream kinases MKK4 and MEK1. TNF-alpha-induced VEGF expression was inhibited by SP600125 and U0126, which are inhibitors of JNK and MEK, respectively. Myricetin inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MKK4 activity and bound glutathione S-transferase-MKK4 directly by competing with ATP. Computer modeling suggested that myricetin docks onto the ATP-binding site in MKK4, which is located between the N- and C-lobes of the kinase domain. Overall, our results indicate that myricetin has potent chemopreventive effects against TNF-alpha-related disease, mainly by targeting MKK4 and MEK1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blotting, Western
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Flavonoids / pharmacology*
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Mice
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Models, Molecular
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / biosynthesis*
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism

Substances

  • Flavonoids
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
  • myricetin
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases