Femoral pseudoaneurysms and current cardiac catheterization: evaluation of risk factors and treatment

Abstract

Objectives: We sought to determine the incidence of femoral pseudoaneurysm (FPA) following cardiac catheterization, identify the risk factors for FPA and factors influencing therapeutic strategy.

Methods: 11,992 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac catheterization via femoral artery were studied over a period of four years in one University Hospital. Our prospective case control group analysis registered patients who developed FPA after the procedure. Patient-related factors, procedure related factors and peri-procedure treatment were compared between the two groups.

Results: 76 FPA were diagnosed over the study period accounting for a global incidence of 0.6% procedures. By univariate analysis, interventional procedure (p<0.01), rhythmologic procedure (p=0.03), sheath>or=6F (p=0.04) and left groin puncture (p<0.001) were FPA risk factors. By multivariate analysis, interventional procedure (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.14-3.44 p=0.01) and left groin puncture (OR=4.65; 95% CI, 1.78-12.1 p=0.001) are independent predictive factors of FPA. FPA thrombosis was obtained by ultrasound guided compression (UGC) in 71% of the cases. By univariate analysis, PFA diameter larger than 4 cm (p<0.001), the use of anticoagulation (p<0.01) or GPIIbIIIa inhibitors (p=0.001) and UGC under anticoagulation (p=0.01) are predictive factors of need for FPA surgical repair. By multivariate analysis, FPA diameter>4 cm and use of GPIIbIIIa inhibitors are independent predictive factors of FPA's surgical treatment. Superficial femoral puncture was predictive of successful UGC both by uni and multivariate analysis.

Conclusions: Our study shows that FPA occurrence is mainly due to by procedure-related factors. FPA size, level of puncture and the use of GPIIbIIIa inhibitors are independent predictive factors of need for surgical therapy.