Background: The current study investigates, for the first time, the mosquito larvicidal activities of leaf and twig essential oils from Clausena excavata Burm. f. and their individual constituents against Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus Skuse larvae. The yields of essential oils obtained from hydrodistillation were compared, and their constituents were determined by GC-MS analyses.
Results: The LC(50) values of leaf and twig essential oils against fourth-instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were 37.1-40.1 microg mL(-1) and 41.1-41.2 microg mL(-1) respectively. This study demonstrated that C. excavata leaf and twig essential oils possess mosquito larvicidal activity, inhibiting the growth of mosquito larvae for both species at a low concentration. In addition, results of larvicidal assays showed that the effective constituents in leaf and twig essential oils were limonene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, beta-myrcene, 3-carene and p-cymene. The LC(50) values of these constituents against both mosquito larvae were below 50 microg mL(-1). Among these effective constituents, limonene had the best mosquito larvicidal activity, with LC(50) of 19.4 microg mL(-1) and 15.0 microg mL(-1) against Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae respectively.
Conclusion: The findings suggested that the essential oils from Clausena excavata leaf and twig and their effective constituents may be explored as a potential natural larvicide.
2008 Society of Chemical Industry