In the course of the last year, a number of important clinical trials on cardiovascular disease, principally in hypertensive and diabetic patients, have published their results. The findings, some of which were unexpected, have enabled us, in certain instances, to confirm what already we knew about controlling these risk factors, but they have also led to active discussion about well-established topics, such as: To what extent should blood pressure and glycemia levels be reduced in patients with cardiovascular disease? In addition, up-to-date information has become available about treating hypertension with new drugs or new combinations of existing drugs. This article contains a review of all these topics and also summarizes the findings of some observational studies carried out by the working group on hypertension of the Spanish Society of Cardiology that have been reported in the last year.