Pravastatin limits radiation-induced vascular dysfunction in the skin

J Invest Dermatol. 2009 May;129(5):1280-91. doi: 10.1038/jid.2008.360. Epub 2009 Feb 12.

Abstract

About half of people with cancer are treated with radiation therapy; however, normal tissue toxicity still remains a dose-limiting factor for this treatment. The skin response to ionizing radiation may involve multiple inflammatory outbreaks. The endothelium is known to play a critical role in radiation-induced vascular injury. Furthermore, endothelial dysfunction reflects a decreased availability of nitric oxide. Statins have been reported to preserve endothelial function through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, wild type and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)(-/-) mice were subjected to dorsal skin irradiation and treated with pravastatin for 28 days. We demonstrated that pravastatin has a therapeutic effect on skin lesions and abolishes radiation-induced vascular functional activation by decreasing interactions between leukocytes and endothelium. Pravastatin limits the radiation-induced increase of blood CCL2 and CXCL1 production expression of inflammatory adhesion molecules such as E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and inflammatory cell migration in tissues. Pravastatin limits the in vivo and in vitro radiation-induced downregulation of eNOS. Moreover, pravastatin has no effect in eNOS(-/-) mice, demonstrating that eNOS plays a key role in the beneficial effect of pravastatin in radiation-induced skin lesions. In conclusion, pravastatin may be a good therapeutic approach to prevent or reduce radiation-induced skin damage.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood Vessels / drug effects
  • Blood Vessels / physiopathology*
  • Blood Vessels / radiation effects
  • Cell Communication / radiation effects
  • Chemokine CCL2 / metabolism
  • Chemokine CXCL1 / metabolism
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • E-Selectin / metabolism
  • Endothelium, Vascular / drug effects
  • Endothelium, Vascular / physiopathology*
  • Endothelium, Vascular / radiation effects
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / metabolism
  • Leukocytes / radiation effects
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / genetics
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / metabolism
  • Pravastatin / pharmacology
  • Pravastatin / therapeutic use*
  • Radiodermatitis / metabolism
  • Radiodermatitis / pathology
  • Radiodermatitis / prevention & control*
  • Radiotherapy / adverse effects*
  • Skin / blood supply*

Substances

  • Ccl2 protein, mouse
  • Chemokine CCL2
  • Chemokine CXCL1
  • Cxcl1 protein, mouse
  • E-Selectin
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
  • Nos3 protein, mouse
  • Pravastatin