Perceived everyday racism, residential segregation, and HIV testing among patients at a sexually transmitted disease clinic

Abstract

Objectives: More than one quarter of HIV-infected people are undiagnosed and therefore unaware of their HIV-positive status. Blacks are disproportionately infected. Although perceived racism influences their attitudes toward HIV prevention, how racism influences their behaviors is unknown. We sought to determine whether perceiving everyday racism and racial segregation influence Black HIV testing behavior.

Methods: This was a clinic-based, multilevel study in a North Carolina city. Eligibility was limited to Blacks (N = 373) seeking sexually transmitted disease diagnosis or screening. We collected survey data, block group characteristics, and lab-confirmed HIV testing behavior. We estimated associations using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.

Results: More than 90% of the sample perceived racism, which was associated with higher odds of HIV testing (odds ratio = 1.64; 95% confidence interval = 1.07, 2.52), after control for residential segregation, and other covariates. Neither patient satisfaction nor mechanisms for coping with stress explained the association.

Conclusions: Perceiving everyday racism is not inherently detrimental. Perceived racism may improve odds of early detection of HIV infection in this high-risk population. How segregation influences HIV testing behavior warrants further research.

FIGURE 1

Boxplots showing distribution of selected Census 2000 residential characteristics (N = 117 block groups): North Carolina. Note. Horizontal lines within each box indicate medians; each box's lower and upper bounds indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively; the lower and upper whiskers indicate the range of values within 1.5 times the interquartile range; and darkened circles indicate outliers.