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. 2009 Mar;37(3):825-32.
doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819b8608.

Delirium and sedation in the intensive care unit: survey of behaviors and attitudes of 1384 healthcare professionals

Rina P Patel  1 , Meredith Gambrell, Theodore Speroff, Theresa A Scott, Brenda T Pun, Joyce Okahashi, Cayce Strength, Pratik Pandharipande, Timothy D Girard, Hayley Burgess, Robert S Dittus, Gordon R Bernard, E Wesley Ely
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Delirium and sedation in the intensive care unit: survey of behaviors and attitudes of 1384 healthcare professionals

Rina P Patel et al. Crit Care Med. 2009 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: A 2001 survey found that most healthcare professionals considered intensive care unit (ICU) delirium as a serious problem, but only 16% used a validated delirium screening tool. Our objective was to assess beliefs and practices regarding ICU delirium and sedation management.

Design and setting: Between October 2006 and May 2007, a survey was distributed to ICU practitioners in 41 North American hospitals, seven international critical care meetings and courses, and the American Thoracic Society e-mail database.

Study participants: A convenience sample of 1384 healthcare professionals including 970 physicians, 322 nurses, 23 respiratory care practitioners, 26 pharmacists, 18 nurse practitioners and physicians' assistants, and 25 others.

Results: A majority [59% (766 of 1300)] estimated that more than one in four adult mechanically ventilated patients experience delirium. More than half [59% (774 of 1302)] screen for delirium, with 33% of those respondents (258 of 774) using a specific screening tool. A majority of respondents use a sedation protocol, but 29% (396 of 1355) still do not. A majority (76%, 990 of 1309) has a written policy on spontaneous awakening trials (SATs), but the minority of respondents (44%, 446 of 1019) practice spontaneous awakening trials on more than half of ICU days.

Conclusions: Delirium is considered a serious problem by a majority of healthcare professionals, and the percent of practitioners using a specific screening tool has increased since the last published survey data. Although most respondents have adopted specific sedation protocols and have an approved approach to stopping sedation daily, few report even modest compliance with daily cessation of sedation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
a) Medications used for the management of delirium. This histogram shows the frequency of use of various medications for the management of delirium. b) Medications used for sedation management. This histogram shows the frequency of use of medications for the management of sedation. Respondents were permitted to check all the medications that they used for management of (a) delirium (b) sedation. Therefore, each percentage refers to the percentage of 1384 total respondents that use that particular medication.
Figure 1
Figure 1
a) Medications used for the management of delirium. This histogram shows the frequency of use of various medications for the management of delirium. b) Medications used for sedation management. This histogram shows the frequency of use of medications for the management of sedation. Respondents were permitted to check all the medications that they used for management of (a) delirium (b) sedation. Therefore, each percentage refers to the percentage of 1384 total respondents that use that particular medication.
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