In spite of clinicians apparently appreciating the risks of maternal diabetes to the baby, babies of mothers with diabetes are still at increased risk compared to those of non-diabetic women. The rate of prematurity in infants of diabetic mothers is five times that of the general population. Women with pre-gestational diabetes give birth to larger babies. In a recent study, half were above the 90th centile for weight. The postnatal management of these babies continues to give cause for concern. In a recent UK study, over half of all infants of diabetic mothers were admitted to a neonatal unit. One-third of these were at term. This admission rate is three times the UK average and examination of cases showed that two-thirds of admissions were unnecessary. It is likely that a high maternal blood glucose concentration is the most important factor causing this increased risk. Babies of women with type 1 and type 2 DM have similar complication rates. Tighter preconceptional glycaemic control as well as during the pregnancy is likely to be important in improving outcome for the babies of diabetic mothers.