Hyperuricemia, frequently observed following kidney transplantation, may adversely affect graft survival. Although hyperuricemia is a well-known adverse effect of cyclosporine (CsA), a similar effect of tacrolimus (Tac) remains debatable. Hyperuricemia is also seen after oral fructose intake in beverages and processed foods. This sugar is blamed for the epidemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of CsA and Tac on an acute oral fructose load in terms of plasma uric acid, serum lipids, and blood pressure in kidney transplant patients. Thirty-two kidney transplant recipients treated with CsA- or Tac-based triple (calcineurin inhibitor + mycophenolate mofetil + prednisone) immunosuppressive therapy displaying stable allograft function (mean glomerular filtration rate = 53 mL/min/1.73m(2)) received an oral challenge with 70 g of fructose. Serum uric acid, lipids, and blood pressure were measured before as well as 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after fructose administration. A significant increase in serum uric acid was observed in both groups after oral fructose administration (P < .001). A peak increase in serum uric acid was recorded at 120 minutes after fructose intake. Serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol also significantly decreased and serum triglycerides increased to a similar extent in both CsA and Tac groups. No significant changes in blood pressure were observed after fructose consumption. Oral fructose intake induced an acute rise in serum uric acid and triglycerides and decrease in serum cholesterol among kidney transplant recipients. Those changes were similar among patients treated with CsA or Tac.